“阿尔提乌斯”小型空射无人机的发展与难点分析

The development and technical difficulties of the ALTIUS small air-launched Unmanned Aerial Vehicle

近年来,美国AERA-I公司研制的空中发射管式综合无人系统“阿尔提乌斯”陆续依托直升机、察打一体无人机和高速隐身无人作战飞机等平台开展试射试飞任务,体现出小型化、低成本、长航时、多用途、集群控制的空射无人机发展方向。本文首先系统调研了“阿尔提乌斯”的研制历程、型号特点与技术参数;其次,对该型无人机基于不同搭载平台和不同应用场景的多个集成演示任务进行系统分析;最后,针对制约该型无人机装备应用的若干关键技术问题开展深入剖析,包括高升阻比气动布局设计、紧凑折叠展开机构设计、多母机平台兼容发射、复杂气流扰动下的自主飞行控制以及有人集群协同控制等。希冀该研究可为相关装备研制和战法研究提供参考。

The Agile-Launch,Tactically-Integrated,Unmanned System(ALTIUS)was developed by AERA-I,an American corporation.In recent years,ALTIUS has been successfully deployed in flight test missions from vari‐ous platforms,including the UH-60 helicopter,integrated reconnaissance and combat drones and high-speed stealth unmanned combat aircraft.The development and application of this low-cost,long-endurance and multi-purpose Unmanned Aerial Vehicle(UAV)encompasses several features,including miniaturization and smart swarm control.This paper looks at the development process,model characteristics and technical parameters of the ALTIUS UAV.A systematic analysis is carried out on the multiple integrated demonstration missions of the air-launched UAV based on different platforms and in different application scenarios.Finally,an in-depth analysis is carried out on some key technical problems that restrict the application of this type of UAV,including the design of the high lift-to-drag ratio pneumatic layout,the compact folding deployment mechanism,the variable mother-platform launch capabilities,au‐tonomous flight control under complex airflow disturbance and manned-unmanned swarm control.The findings pre‐sented in this paper can provide reference for research into related equipment and tactics.