磁共振成像技术在肛瘘诊疗中的应用进展

Application Progress of Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Diagnosis and Treatment of Anal Fistula

肛瘘是临床中常见的一种肛肠科炎症性疾病,手术是主要治疗手段,多因术前病变评估不足及术中内口、瘘管处理不完全导致术后易复发,所以对病变进行全面术前评价和准确分型对于提高疗效、降低复发率至关重要。临床中常用影像学检查手段包括X射线瘘管造影、腔内超声及磁共振成像。磁共振成像技术具有软组织分辨力高、多平面成像、无电离辐射等优势,可多序列、多参数成像,能清楚显示肛瘘结构及其与肛周组织关系,有助于对肛瘘的术前诊断和分型,在指导手术方案制定方面有重要意义。文章对磁共振成像在肛瘘诊疗中的应用价值、检查方法、各序列成像特点方面进行系统阐述,以期为临床提供参考。

Anal fistula is a common anorectal inflammatory disease in clinic.Surgery is the main treatment.Insufficient assessment of preoperative lesions and incomplete treatment of intraoperative internal openings and fistulas may lead to recurrence after surgery.Therefore,comprehensive preoperative treatment of the lesions Evaluation and accurate classification are essential to improve the efficacy and reduce the recurrence rate.Commonly used clinical imaging methods include X-ray fistula angiography,intracavitary ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging.Magnetic resonance imaging technology has the advantages of high soft tissue resolution,multi-plane imaging,and no ionizing radiation.It can be used for multi-sequence and multi-parameter imaging.It can clearly show the structure of anal fistula and its relationship with perianal tissue,which is helpful for preoperative diagnosis of anal fistula and classification is of great significance in guiding the formulation of surgical plans.Based on this,this article systematically expounds the application value,inspection methods,and imaging characteristics of each sequence of magnetic resonance imaging in the diagnosis and treatment of anal fistula,in order to provide clinical reference.