经阴道四维彩超在异位妊娠诊断中的应用进展

Application Progress of Transvaginal Four-Dimensional Color Doppler Ultrasound in the Diagnosis of Ectopic Pregnancy

随着我国影像学技术的发展与创新,超声作为常见方法之一,具有操作方便、安全无创、重复性好、准确性高等特点,在妇科疾病中的运用越来越广泛。据相关调查显示,经阴道超声在在早期异位妊娠中有着重要意义,其诊断准确率显著高于腹部超声,已经成为目前临床公认的首选诊断方法。但由于异位妊娠早期症状较为隐匿,体征复杂多变,且包块体积小,常给常规阴道超声诊断带来了一定难度。相关研究表明,经阴道四维彩超是超声技术上的一大进步,能通过矩阵全景容积成像系统多角度多层面的扫描,能直观、立体地显示人体器官三维结构及动态4D,其准确性及特异性更高,能在一定程度上弥补常规超声的不足之处。将其用于异位妊娠中,能判断异位妊娠发生位置及性质、大小等,帮助医师明确是否已经有破裂、出血等情况发生,了解盆腔内由异常妊娠所导致的其他状况,确定是否需要进行手术。鉴于此,文章对经阴道四维彩超在异位妊娠诊断中的应用进展进行综述,以期为临床诊断提供有效的参考依据。

With the development and innovation of imaging technology in China,ultrasound,as one of the common methods,has been widely used in the diagnosis of gynecological diseases due to its characteristics of convenient operation,safety,non-invasiveness,good reproducibility,and high accuracy.Relevant investigation reveals that transvaginal ultrasound is of great significance for early ectopic pregnancy,and its diagnostic accuracy rate is significantly higher than that of abdominal ultrasound.Therefore,it is clinically recognized as the preferred diagnostic method.However,insidious early symptoms,complex signs and small mass of ectopic pregnancy bring difficulties to conventional vaginal ultrasound diagnosis.Relevant research shows that transvaginal four-dimensional color Doppler ultrasound is a major advancement in ultrasound technology,which can display the three-dimensional structure and dynamic 4D of human organs intuitively and stereoscopically through multi-dimension scanning of the matrix panoramic volume imaging system,with high accuracy and specificity.It can make up for the shortcomings of conventional ultrasound to a certain extent.For ectopic pregnancy,it can be used to determine the location,nature and size of ectopic pregnancy,thereby helping doctors determine whether there exist rupture,bleeding,etc.,understand other conditions in the pelvic cavity caused by abnormal pregnancy,and determine the necessity of surgery.Herein,the application progress of transvaginal four-dimensional color Doppler ultrasound in the diagnosis of ectopic pregnancy was reviewed to provide effective reference for clinical diagnosis.