试论柳永词的文体史价值

On the Stylistic Historical Value of Liu Yong’s Ci

柳永是宋代第一个专业词人,对宋词有开创之功。将花间词的艳科推向极致,使词体独立地位得以确定,是柳词的文体史价值所在。柳永词在音乐上,通过因旧创新、自度新曲,造就了听觉上的“鲜艳”,促成了柳词的流行。柳永歌妓词“丰艳”,内容上写歌妓的容艳才美、性之色艳肉欲,呈现了女色的香艳;情感上写歌妓生活,道歌妓心声,呈恋情之真,塑造真艳情;语言上用俚俗语、口语,通过直白的表述,呈现了词之艳俗。柳永词的歌妓词,大胆地呈现了丰美、直观、真实的艳情,将词之艳科——男女恋情和性欲内容发展到了极致。当柳词广为流传、柳词将艳科发展到极致时,便产生了“物极必反”的接受心理及效应,由此形成了宋人对诗庄雅、词媚俗的词体特征的普遍认识。这样,宋人在文体观念上,明确地区分了词与诗两种文体,词脱离于诗独立成体,词体的独立地位得到了确定。

Liu Yong was the first professional ci poet in the Song dynasty,who made a pioneering contribution to ci.The stylistic historical value of Liu Yong’s ci is attributed to its push of the romance described in Huajian Ci to the peak,which helped to establish the independent position of ci.Liu Yong’s ci created"vividness"in music appreciation through innovating and composing,which contributed to the popularity of Liu Ci.Liu Yong’s ci about geisha was erotic that was demonstrated in its content about the beauty of geisha’s appearance and sexuality,showing the feminine charm,in its emotion for geisha’s life and inner voice,showing the true love and shaping the true erotic feelings and in its words like slang,colloquial language,and the straightforward expression,showing the vulgarity of Ci.The Ci about geisha written by Liu Yong boldly presents the rich,intuitive and true erotic feelings,and develops the eroticism of Ci,namely men and women’s love and their sexuality to the extreme.When Liu Ci was widely spread and developed eroticism to the extreme,there was an acceptance psychology and effect of"extremes meet",which led to the general understanding of people in Song dynasty that poem was elegant while ci was vulgar.In this way,people in Song dynasty clearly distinguished the two styles of ci and poetry,thus ci was independent of poetry and its independent status was confirmed.