生态环境损害赔偿诉讼与环境民事公益诉讼的衔接

The Connection between the Lawsuit of Compensation for Ecological Environment Damage and the Civil Public Interest Lawsuit of Environment

生态环境损害赔偿诉讼与环境民事公益诉讼存在诸多共通性。然二者在性质属性、起诉主体、起诉条件等诉讼规则方面存在差异。实践中出现二者并存冲突困境的一个重要原因在于未对二者进行诉讼功能上的准确界分,继而无法设计有效的诉讼制度。未来,应将生态环境损害赔偿诉讼的功能界定为“赔偿性”功能,将环境民事公益诉讼的功能界定为“赔偿性”功能和“预防性”功能相结合,并以后者为主,环境民事公益诉讼发挥赔偿性功能时以实现补充行政机关提起赔偿诉讼不足为目标。

There are many commonalities between eco-environmental damages litigation and environmental civil public interest litigation.However,there are differences between them in terms of litigation rules,such as nature,subject of prosecution and conditions of prosecution.An important reason for the coexistence of the two conflicts in practice lies in the failure to accurately distinguish the two litigation functions and then we can not design an effective litigation system.In the future,the function of the ecological environment compensation litigation should be defined as“compensation”function,and defines the function of the civil environmental public interest litigation as“compensation”and“preventive”combination,and given priority to the latter,when civil environmental public interest litigation plays compensation function to achieve the complement insufficient administrative compensation litigation as the goal.