天然多糖改善溃疡性结肠炎的作用机制研究进展

Research Progress on Mechanisms of Natural Polysaccharides in Improving UC

天然多糖是高等植物、动物细胞膜及微生物细胞壁的重要组成部分,因其具有广泛的生物活性且毒副作用较低而日益受到医药行业的重视。溃疡性结肠炎(UC)是一种病变部位累及结直肠黏膜的慢性、非特异性炎症性肠病,致病因素常涉及遗传易感性、肠道内环境及其他外部介质的相互干扰,发病机制复杂,目前尚未有根治措施。近年来,大量研究表明,天然多糖通过多种机制治疗UC,有效缓解UC的肠部损伤和炎症反应。本文对近年来多糖干预UC的相关作用机制研究成果进行总结,包括多糖修复肠道黏膜屏障、改善肠道免疫功能、调节肠道微生物平衡等,以期为UC的临床治疗及多糖的进一步开发利用提供有益思路和参考。

Natural polysaccharides are an essential part of higher plants, animal cell membranes and microbial cell walls, attracting increasing attention from pharmaceutical industries for wide range of valuable biological activities and low-toxicity side effects. Ulcerative colitis(UC) is a chronic and non-specific inflammatory bowel disease affecting the colon and rectum. Multiple complex factors, such as genetic predisposition, intestinal environment and the interference of other external mediums, have been involved in the pathogenesis of UC. However, there are no radical treatments currently. In recent years, increasing evidences show that natural polysaccharides exhibit therapeutic effects on UC through a variety of mechanisms, effectively alleviating intestinal damage and inflammation of experimental UC. This review summarized the relevant mechanisms of polysaccharides intervention in UC, including repairing intestinal mucosal barrier, improving immune response and regulating balance of gut microbiota, aiming to provide useful information for the clinical treatment of UC and further utilization of polysaccharides.