比较标记理论与乾县方言二字组连读变调的音系不透明现象

An OT Solution to Disyllabic Tone Sandhi in Qian County Dialect

陕西乾县方言属中原官话关中片方言,根据对乾县方言二字组非重叠式连读变调现象的分析,发现该方言的变调存在着几点特殊的现象:(一)在乾县方言二字组的九种连读变调中,当变调发生时,变调的音节大多是位于二字组右侧,而非左侧的音节,后字变化的频率远远超过前字;(二)乾县方言二字组连读变调存在着三种可能:左字变调、右字变调、左字和右字同时发生变调;(三)二字组连读变调出现因规则之间形成的反馈给关系而触发的音系不透明现象。文章针对乾县方言的以上特点,利用优选论的比较标记理论分析乾县方言二字组非重叠式连读变调规则的音系不透明现象。

This paper attempts to give a phonological analysis of tone sandhi of Qian County Dialect in Shan Xi province,adopting Optimality Theory.The interaction of eleven employed constraints is analyzed,and a correct hierarchy for them is found.The hierarchy is then used to evaluate the candidates out of allotones,so that the optimal output can be selected.It is found that the theory of comparative markedness within the framework of OT can be used to make a simple and correct analysis of counterfeeding opacity caused by disyllabic tone sandhi in Qian county dialect.