《史记》的篇章衔接词“而”

A Marker of Discourse Cohesion“Er”(而)in Shiji

本文以篇章衔接为切入点,考察《史记》的“而”。引入篇章衔接的视角,能够解释既有“两度陈述”标记说所不能解释的例子。本文所得结论如下:(1)上古汉语的“而”分为两类,“而_(1)”表示结构关系(structural),“而_(2)”表示衔接关系(cohesive)。前者是以往学术界描写的对象,后者尚未得到足够重视。(2)“而_(1)”是语法层面的连词,用于连接相邻的两项短语或小句。“而_(2)”是篇章层面的衔接词,用于衔接语境中的相关事件信息。(3)“而_(2)”具备以下特征:所衔接的单位不是相邻的句子成分;用于发端,另起一段;不能嵌套使用。

This paper takes discourse cohesion as a starting point to investigate the linguistic units connected by the conjunction“Er”(而)in Shiji.From the perspective of discourse cohesion and coherence,it interprets those cases more clearly which could not be explained by the Marker of Double Predicates.The conclusions of this paper are as follows:(1)the“Er”(而)in Old Chinese should be classified into two types:“Er_(1)”(而_(1))indicates a structural relation while“Er 2”(而_(2))a cohesive relation.(2)“Er_(1)”(而_(1))is a conjunctive word of the grammatical system,which joins the adjacent set of phrases or clauses;“Er_(2)”(而_(2))is a cohesive marker of the textual system,which establishes cohesive ties between the relevant event information in the context.(3)“Er_(2)”(而_(2))has the following characteristics:Not used to connect the adjacent linguistic units;Occurs mainly at the beginning of a paragraph;Cannot be embedded.