听力障碍和视力障碍大学生的焦虑抑郁症状及相关因素

Anxiety and depressive symptoms and related factors among students with hearing impairment and visual impairment students

目的:了解某特殊教育学院听力障碍和视力障碍大学生焦虑抑郁症状状况及相关因素。方法:对某特殊教育学院在校全部听力障碍大学生、视力障碍大学生及普通大学生共508名进行问卷调查,包括一般情况问卷、焦虑自评量表(SAS)、自评抑郁量表(SDS)和社会支持量表。采用多重线性回归分析相关因素。结果:听力障碍大学生、视力障碍大学生和普通大学生焦虑症状检出率分别为21.2%、15.4%、22.9%,抑郁症状检出率分别为33.3%、27.9%、29.1%,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。进入回归方程的因素有:得到党团组织的帮助和得到家庭其他成员的支持和帮助与视力障碍大学生SAS得分呈负向关联(β=-5.11和β=-0.90,均P<0.05);学习成绩排名靠前和高年级与视力障碍大学生SDS得分呈负向关联(β=-1.88和β=-0.97,均P<0.05)。结论:听力障碍、视力障碍大学生的焦虑、抑郁症状检出率与普通大学生没有明显差别,获得学校、家庭、朋友/恋人社会支持的视力障碍大学生焦虑症状可能较轻。学习成绩较好的视力障碍大学生抑郁症状可能较重。

Objective:To investigate the anxiety and depressive symptoms and related factors in students with hearing impairment and visual impairment in a special education college.Methods:Using typical sampling,a total of 508 college students with hearing impairment,visual impairment and ordinary students were selected to conduct a questionnaire survey.The questionnaire covered self-made general situation,self-rating anxiety scales,self-rating depression scales,and Social Support Rating Scale.Multiple linear regression was used to analyze the related factors.Results:The detection rates of anxiety symptoms in the three categories of hearing-impaired,visually-impaired and ordinary college students were 21.2%,15.4%and 22.9%respectively.The detection rates of depression symptoms were 33.3%,27.9%and 29.1%respectively,and the difference was not statistically significant(P>0.05).The factors that entered into the regression equation were as follows:the help from the party organization and the support and help from other family members were negatively associated with the SAS score of visually impaired college students(β=-5.11 andβ=-0.90,Ps<0.05).The higher academic achievement and higher grade were negatively associated with SDS scores in visually impaired college students(β=-1.88 andβ=-0.97,Ps<0.05).Conclusion:There are no difference in the detection rate of anxiety and depression symptoms among college students with hearing and visual impairment on campus compared with ordinary college students.Visually impaired college students who receive social support from school,family,friends/lovers may have less anxiety symptoms.Visually impaired college students with better academic performance may have more depression symptoms.