“消失”还是“隐匿”:《1844年经济学哲学手稿》中“市民社会”存否辨析

“Disappear”or“Hide”:Discrimination of“Civil Society”in Marx s Economic and Philosophical Manuscripts of 1844

马克思在《1844年经济学哲学手稿》中避谈“市民社会”的事实,在学界引发了市民社会概念是“消失了的范畴”这一代表性观点,但从文本表述和文本内容相结合的整体性视角来看,市民社会概念实质上是“隐匿”而非“消失”的。市民社会概念的“隐匿”主要源于马克思研究视域和批判方法的双重变革:从国家到市民社会的研究视域的转变促使马克思认识到现实的市民社会内蕴多重历史面相和理论意涵,马克思为革新和重构市民社会概念而刻意将其加以“隐匿”;政治经济学批判方法的运用则推动马克思自觉意识到应当深入市民社会内部展开具体的、历史的分析,这种批判方法的变革为市民社会概念的“隐匿”留存可能性与合理性空间。市民社会概念的“隐匿”不仅表征马克思思想发展中的一种进步性指向,也反映出马克思主义在不断展开的市民社会批判中自我革新的理论品质。

The fact that Marx avoided talking about“civil society”in the Economic and Philosophical Manuscripts of 1844,which inspired the representative insight that the concept of civil society is a“disappeared category”.but from a holistic perspective that combines textual expression and textual content,the concept of civil society is essentially“hidden”rather than“disappeared”.The“concealment”of the concept of civil society mainly stems from the dual transformation of Marx s research horizons and critical methods:the change of research horizons from the state to civil society prompted Marx to realize that the reality of civil society contains multiple historical aspects and theoretical implications.Marx deliberately“concealed”the concept of civil society in order to innovate and reconstruct it.The use of the critical method of political economics promoted Marx to consciously realize that it should go deep into civil society to carry out specific and historical analysis,and this change of critical method leaves room for possibility and rationality for the“concealment”of the concept of civil society.The“concealment”of the concept of civil society not only represents a progressive orientation in the development of Marx s thought,but also reflects the theoretical quality of Marxism that is self-renewing and enriching in the continuous criticism of civil society.