何以批判?——对这个问题的康德式回答

On What Bases Could a Critique Be Made?

什么是批判?我们何以能够作出批判?基于康德的启示,我们可以把批判分为对象性批判和自我批判两种类型。我们之所以能够对一种普遍现象或思想观念作出批判,乃是基于一种理性的概念构想,它刻画了事情的本真所是或理想应是,对实存的事情具有一种规范性的力量。而什么样的理念或理想才是合理的,这不能诉诸简单的内省反思,而应通过自我和他人现实的共同论理才能得到确认。

What is critique?On what bases could a critique be made?Based on Kant s inspiration,this article distinguishes between two types of critiques,namely,object-critique and self-critique.It is then argued that we are able to critique a universal phenomenon or an idea on the basis of a rational conception of what things authentically are or ideally should be by virtue of our faculty of reason,which has a normative force on existing things;and that what idea or ideal is reasonable cannot be confirmed by simple introspective reflection,but can only be justified through the actual joint reasoning of the self and the others.