《红楼梦》中的道家思想探析

On Taoist Thoughts in A Dream of Red Mansions

《红楼梦》作为中国著名的文学作品之一,涵盖了中国传统社会的建筑、风俗、诗词等各方面,堪称中国封建社会的百科全书。全书包含了儒家思想、道家思想、佛家思想等各家思想元素,从人物个性、故事伏笔、主题思想等处,读者都可感受到三家思想。仅以道家为主,探析《红楼梦》中的道家思想。道家是中国传统文化的重要组成部分,而《红楼梦》作为中国文学史上的里程碑之作,体现了道家的思想解放及超越时俗的平等观念。《红楼梦》不仅是一部讲述清代世家大族兴衰历程的小说,同时也是一部具有深刻哲学意义的作品。《红楼梦》中所体现的道家思想、与其它思想的联系,以及作者对于道家思想的态度及其成因都值得分析探究。

As one of the Chinese literary masterpieces, A dream of Red Mansions provides a panorama of Chinese feudal society from architecture, customs, to poetry and so on, and it is no less than an Encyclopedia of that time. An array of philosophic thoughts such as Confucianism, Taoism and Buddhism is also pervasive throughout the book in aspects of character description, plotting and topic development. This paper surveys the Taoist thoughts in the novel. Taoism is an important component of Chinese traditional culture, and the book embodies Taoist thinking of liberty and of equality, which was not prevalent at that time. More than accounting for the rise and fall of aristocratic families in the Qing Dynasty, A dream of Red Mansions is heavily philosophy-flavored. Thus it is worthwhile to study Taoist thinking and other schools of thoughts, in combination with the author’s attitude manifested in the novel.