城镇化模式:从工业文明转向生态文明

Urbanization Model:From Industrial Civilization to Ecological Civilization

城镇化是人类历史上最伟大的进程之一。城镇化模式的实质,是在不同发展内容和约束条件下的一个关于经济发展的最优空间组织方式问题。经济发展的根本目的,是为了提高人们福祉。工业革命后大规模城镇化现象的出现,根本动因是这种空间组织方式可以促进经济发展,从而提高人们福祉。从农业时代到工业时代,再到现在互联网条件下的绿色发展时代,随着发展理念和发展内容的深刻变化,经济发展对空间组织方式的要求也相应地发生实质性变化。现有的城镇化模式,不论是城市承载的内容,还是城市自身的组织方式,很大程度上是传统工业化模式的产物。当作为城镇化基础的传统工业化模式因不可持续而发生根本性转变时,城镇化模式也要相应地发生根本性转变。尤其是,目前全球范围的碳中和共识与行动,标志着传统工业时代的落幕,一个新的绿色发展时代的来临。新的发展范式必然要求新的城镇化模式。因此,思考城镇化问题,必须从传统工业文明思维转向生态文明思维。

Urbanization is one of the greatest structuring processes in human history.The essence of the urbanization model is a question of how to achieve the optimal spatial organization of economic development under different development contents and constraints.The fundamental purpose of economic development is to improve people’s well-being.The fundamental reason for the emergence of large-scale urbanization after the Industrial Revolution is that this spatial organization can promote economic development and thus improve people’s well-being.From the agricultural era to the industrial era,then to the current era of green development and the Internet,with the profound changes in development concepts and content,the requirements of economic development for spatial organization have also undergone substantial changes accordingly.The existing urbanization model,either in terms of the content carried in the city or the mode of organization of the city itself,is largely the product of the traditional model of industrialization.When the traditional industrialization model,which is the basis of urbanization,undergoes a fundamental change because it is unsustainable,the corresponding urbanization pattern will also undergo a fundamental change.In particular,the current global consensus and action on carbon neutrality marks the end of the traditional industrial era and the beginning of a new era of green development.The new development paradigm will inevitably require a new model of urbanization.Therefore,thinking about urbanization,we must“thinking outside the box”of the traditional industrial civilization and shift to the perspective of ecological civilization.