炼化装置高压串低压事故分析与防范

Analysis and Prevention of High-Pressure String Low-Pressure Accidents in Refining Plant

通过剖析5起炼化装置高压串低压的典型事故案例,分析了串压风险发生的阶段、部位及类型,总结了发生串压事故的共性原因:对串压风险缺乏认知或辨识不到位、对异常工况处置不当或不及时、独立保护层的缺失或失效,提出了串压风险辨识的方法和重点、确保独立保护层的完好有效、做好异常工况的初期应急处置等对策措施,可有效避免串压事故的发生。

In this paper,five typical accidents of high-pressure and low-pressure strings in refining and petrochemical units were dissected.The stages,locations and types of the occurrence of the pressure-string risks were analyzed.The common causes of crosstalk accidents such as lack of recognition,identification of cross pressure risk,improper or untimely handling of abnormal working conditions,absence or invalidation of independent protective layer were summarized.The methods and key points of the risk identification,the measures to ensure the integrity and effectiveness of the independent protective layer,and the emergency treatment at the initial stage of abnormal working conditions were put forward.