境外蔗区(缅甸佤邦勐波县)土壤理化状况分析与评价

Analysis and Evaluation of Soil’s Physics and Chemistry in Foreign Sugarcane Area(Mōung Bōg County,Wa State,Myanmar)

境外甘蔗原料发展可以增加国内糖厂入榨甘蔗量,提高产能利用率,是境内甘蔗原料种植的有益补充。2020年12月采集缅甸佤邦勐波县4000 hm^(2)有代表性的土壤类型的蔗区土壤混合样品66份,对土壤5个理化指标进行分析。结果表明:蔗区土壤pH值变化范围为4.1~7.4,平均为5.42,有机质变化范围为0.62%~6.88%,碱解氮变化范围为14.5~225.0 mg/kg,有效磷变化范围为2.6~58.9 mg/kg,速效钾变化范围为27~459 mg/kg。蔗区土壤呈酸性,有机质属于较高水平,碱解氮为一般水平,有效磷为稍低水平,速效钾为一般水平。通过分析研究境外蔗区土壤pH值、有机质和养分状况,并进行乡镇级聚类分析,因地制宜提出境外甘蔗科学种植的测土配方施肥解决方案,有助于农务人员有针对性的指导蔗农科学合理和经济的用肥。

The development of foreign sugarcane raw material helps domestic sugar refineries increase the quantity of sugarcane for producing sugar and improve utilization of production capacity,being a beneficial supplement to domestic sugarcane planting.In December 2020,a total of 66 mixed soil samples were collected from 4700 hm2 sugarcane area with representative soil types in Mōung Bōg,Wa State,Myanmar for analyzing 5 physicochemical indexes.The results suggest:in the sugarcane area,the range of pH was 4.1~7.4,with a mean value of 5.42;the range of organic matter was 0.62%~6.88%;the range of alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen was 14.5~225.0 mg/kg;the range of available phosphorus was 2.6~58.9 mg/kg;and the range of rapidly available potassium was 27~459 mg/kg.In the sugarcane area,the soil was acidic with high level of organic matter,medium level of alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen,low level of available phosphorus and medium level of rapidly available potassium.Through study of soil’s pH,organic matter and nutrients in the foreign sugarcane area and upon cluster analysis at township level,a tailored soil testing-based formula fertilization solution is proposed for scientific sugarcane planting in the foreign country,which helps agricultural technicians provide targeted guidance for sugarcane planters in applying fertilizers in a scientific,reasonable and economic way.