共同富裕的效率与平等

Efficiency and equality of common prosperity

在有关共同富裕的效率与平等问题的讨论中,存在一些重要却经常被忽视的方面:造成不平等的因素包括各种偶然(运气);是否平等要看总购买力,不是看个别物品的消费量;要有效率地提高平等,应该避免在具体措施上采用违反效率的方法,在整体平等政策上促进总量上的平等可以在同样效率水平上获得更多平等;采用表面上公平的摇号方式来分配稀缺物品,不但造成浪费与低效率,而且也不公平,还制造额外的偶然性,增加不平等。

There are some important but often neglected aspects in the discussion of efficiency and equality of common prosperity:the factors causing inequality include all kinds of accidents(luck);equality depends on the total purchasing power,not on the consumption of individual goods;in order to effectively improve equality,we should avoid using equality methods that violate efficiency in specific measures,and promoting equality in aggregate on the basis of overall equality policy can obtain more equality at the same efficiency level;using the seemingly fair lottery to distribute scarce goods will not only cause waste and low efficiency,but also be unfair in practice,which will also create additional contingency and increase inequality.