马克思“现实的人”的思想及当代启示——兼论对青年黑格尔派的批判

Marx’s Thought of“Realistic Man”and Its Contemporary Enlightenment and Criticism of the Young Hegelian School

中国的改革实践是中国共产党在坚持唯物史观方法论的基础上对科学社会主义原创理论的重大创新与发展。唯物史观方法论在马克思批判错误思潮的斗争中不断展现出自己的理论精髓与实践旨趣。马克思以“现实的人”为核心线索,逐一击破青年黑格尔派的代表人物鲍威尔的“自我意识”、施蒂纳的“唯一者”及费尔巴哈的“类本质”,从而奠定了唯物史观的逻辑起点。基于“现实的人”,厘清马克思对青年黑格尔派的唯心史观方法论的批判,有助于我们把握作为方法论的唯物史观,从而正确运用唯物史观指导中国的改革实践。

China’s reform practice is a significant innovation and development of the original theory of scientific socialism by the Communist Party of China on the basis of adhering to the methodology of historical materialism.In the struggle of Marx’s criticism of the wrong trend of thought,the methodology of historical materialism has continuously demonstrated its own theoretical essence and practical purport.Taking“realistic man”as the core clue,Marx destroyed Powell’s“self-consciousness”,Steiner’s“sole”and Feuerbach’s“kind essence”one by one,thus laying the logical starting point of historical materialism.On the basis of“realistic man”,it is helpful for us to grasp the historical materialism as methodology and guide China’s reform practice correctly by clarifying Marx’s criticism of the idealistic historical methodology of the young Hegelian school.