江西省罗霄山集中连片特困区多维贫困驱动因子识别

Identification of Driving Factors of Multidimensional Poverty in Contiguous Special Poverty-Stricken Area of Luoxiao Mountain in Jiangxi Province

集中连片特困区是我国减贫的主战场.以江西省罗霄山集中连片特困区为研究区,从生态环境和社会经济因素中选取影响贫困的驱动因子,建立多维贫困评价指标体系,通过均方差决策分析法构建了贫困驱动指数,分析其空间分布格局;利用探索性空间自相关分析法描述了多维贫困在整个区域及区县尺度上的空间关联和空间差异特征,借助地理探测器揭示了区域贫困驱动因子空间分异特征及其相互作用方式.结果表明:1)生态环境指标类与社会经济指标类的贫困驱动指数在空间分布上呈现反向态势,整个特困区的贫困驱动指数空间分异明显.2)区域贫困驱动指数在整个研究区表现出空间正自相关特征,具有显著的空间聚集性,并在局部空间自相关上表现出“高高”和“低低”聚集形式.3)地形对特困区的贫困影响最大,并且与其他指标种呈现双因子增强作用特征,且各指标种两两交互之后对区域贫困驱动指数的空间分布影响无显著差异.因此,提出对于集中连片特困区,需要依靠当地的资源禀赋,深入挖掘当地独特的资源优势和人文优势,推动资源优势转换为产业优势,带动社会经济发展,实现减贫目标.

Contiguous areas of extreme poverty are the main battlefields for poverty alleviation in China at present.In this paper,the contiguous area of extreme poverty in Luoxiao Mountain in Jiangxi province was taken as the study area,the driving factors of affecting poverty were selected from ecological environment and social economy,and multi-dimensional poverty evaluation index system was established.The driving index from poverty is constructed with mean-squared deviation method to analyze its spatial distribution pattern.Furthermore,it describes the spatial association and spatial differences of multidimensional poverty on the scale of the whole district and counties by the explorative spatial autocorrelation methods.Finally,it reveals spatial differentiation characteristics of driving factors and their interaction by means of geographical detector.The results were shown that the driving indexes from poverty between eco-environmental and socio-economic indicators show a reverse trend in spatial distribution,and the driving indexes of the whole poverty-stricken area has distinct spatial differentiation.The driving indexes show the spatial positive autocorrelation in the whole district with intense spatial aggregation,showing high or low clustering forms in the local spatial autocorrelation.The terrain factor has the greatest impact on poverty in such areas,and displays the characteristics of double factor enhancement with other factors.There was no significant difference in the spatial distribution of driving indexes under the interaction of the two driving factors.Therefore,it is proposed that for the concentrated and contiguous areas of extreme poverty,it is necessary to rely on the local resource endowment and develop the local unique resource advantages and cultural advantages to promote the transformation of resource advantages into industrial ones and social,and economic development for achieving the goal of poverty reduction.