甜樱桃避雨栽植研究

Study on Sweet Cherry Rain-shelter Cultivation

甜樱桃在陕南北亚热带跨生态区栽培后,气候区变化,年降雨量明显增多,雨水对甜樱桃生长带来不利影响:花期降雨致使花器损伤、昆虫活动减少,不授粉或授粉不良,造成果实畸形、减产或绝产;果实成熟期遇雨裂果;雨热同季树体旺长;土壤积水致使树势衰弱、死树。年降雨量大还诱使病害、虫害、草害严重发生,是甜樱桃栽培的主要限制条件。开展甜樱桃避雨栽植技术研究,建立地面排水系统、地底排水系统、空中避雨系统达到立体避雨效果,解决雨水对花果的影响和积水死树,同时发挥雨水对植物生长的供肥供水特性,保障多雨地区甜樱桃健康生产。

After sweet cherry was cultivated in trans-ecological zone of the north subtropics in Sourthern Shaanxi,its climate change and the annual precipitation increased obviously.The rainwater had negative effect on the growth of sweet cherry as follows:damages of flower organ at flowering stage,reduction of insect activity,no pollination or poor pollination,abnormal fruits,yield failure or complete failure.When the fruits were ripe,the fruits cracked in the rain;and growth of trees were vigorous in the hot rainy season.In addition,the accumulation of rainwater in the soil weakened the growth vigor or made the trees die.The heavy annual precipitation also causeed serious diseases,insect pests and weeds,which were the main limited conditions for sweet cherry cultivation.The technology for sweet cherry rain-shelter cultivation in north subtropical region was studied to establish ground drainage system,underground drainage system and aerial rain-sheltering system for achiving rain-shelter effect,so as to solve the effect of rain water on flowers,fruits and the accumulation of dead trees,at the same time,fertilizer supply characteristics of rain water to plant growth was used to ensure the healthy production of sweet cherry in north subtropical zone.