代际支持、社会保障与农村居民养老方式选择——基于CHARLS数据的实证分析

Intergenerational Support,Social Security and Rural Endowment Mode:Empirical Analysis Based on CHARLS

在传统家庭代际支持养老功能弱化和农村社会养老保障不足的现实条件下,研究农村居民倾向于选择何种养老方式,家庭代际支持和农村社会保障中的哪些因素对农村居民养老方式选择产生影响,对解决农村居民养老问题具有重要意义。基于2018年中国健康养老追踪调查(CHARLS)数据,运用二元logistic模型分析家庭子女代际支持和社会保障因素对农村居民养老方式选择的影响。研究发现,家庭养老目前仍是农村居民的主要养老方式,担负着农村居民养老的重任。社会转型和家庭结构变化对农村传统家庭养老的冲击并未完全削弱子女提供主要养老支持力的角色,而在于削弱了传统的家庭养老方式,改变为代际经济支持强化和精神慰藉弱化的家庭养老。新农合和新农保减轻了成年子女赡养负担,使得农村居民对家庭养老有更多期待。基于此,农村居民养老方式应以家庭养老为主,利用各类社会养老资源弥补农村家庭养老的缺失,实现养老资源的有效配置,切实破解农村居民养老困境。

In intergenerational support the traditional family endowment function weaken and the reality of the lack of rural social old-age security conditions,the research on rural residents tend to choose what kind of pension,family intergenerational support and rural social security of what factors affect rural residents endowment mode choice.It is of great significance to solve the problem of rural endowment.Based on the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study(CHARLS)data of 2018,this study uses binary Logistic model to analyze the impact of intergenerational support and social security factors on rural residents’choice of pension mode.It is found that the family pension is still the main endowment mode for rural residents,shoulder the heavy responsibility of rural residents endowment.The impact of social transformation and the change of family structure on the traditional family pension in rural areas does not completely weaken the role of children in providing the main support for the elderly,but weakens the traditional family pension mode and changes into the family pension with the strengthening of intergenerational economic support and the weakening of spiritual comfort.The New Rural Cooperative Medical System and the New Rural Pension have reduced the burden of support for adult children,making rural residents have more expectations for family support.Based on this,the endowment mode of rural residents should focus on family pension,make use of various social pension resources to make up for the lack of rural family pension,realize the effective allocation of pension resources,and effectively solve the pension dilemma of rural residents.