全球卫生治理面临的困境、原因及应对:以新型冠状病毒肺炎疫苗实施计划为例

Dilemma,causes and countermeasures of global health governance:taking COVID-19 Vaccines Global Access Facility as an example

新型冠状病毒肺炎威胁着人民的生命健康和财产安全。新型冠状病毒肺炎疫苗是建立人群免疫屏障、实现疫情全球卫生治理的关键公共品,WHO、全球疫苗免疫联盟和流行病防范创新联盟于2020年创建新型冠状病毒肺炎疫苗实施计划(COVAX),旨在让世界各国,尤其是中、低收入国家也能公平接种疫苗。尽管COVAX通过协调全球供应链加速了疫苗的研发,COVAX的有效实施面临着筹资、执行和民众认知等多方面的现实困境,暴露了全球卫生治理中的诸多问题。本文以COVAX为例,对全球卫生治理面临的困境进行分析,并探讨背后的成因,为全球治理的中国参与提出可行的路径。

The pandemic of COVID-19 threatens the health and safety of the people all over the world.COVID-19 vaccine is the key public product to establish population immune barrier and achieve the global contain of the pandemic.The World Health Organization,the Global Alliance for Vaccines and Immunization and the Coalition for Epidemic Preparedness Innovations established COVID-19 Vaccines Global Access Facility(COVAX)in 2020,aiming to enable the fair access to COVID-19 vaccine by all countries in the world,especially the low-and middle-income countries.Although COVAX has facilitated the production and research of COVID-19 vaccine by coordinating the global supply chain,the implementation of COVAX is still facing many difficulties in financing,implementation and the awareness of public,revealing the problems of global health governance.Taking COVAX as an example,this paper analyzes the difficulties faced by global health governance and explore the underlying causes,so as to suggest feasible short and long-term paths for China's participation in global governance.