环境、适应与文化:生态人类学视野下的疫病研究

Environment, Adaptation and Culture:The Research on Epidemic Diseases from the Perspective of Ecological Anthropology

文章从生态人类学关于人与环境关系的视角审视了疫病传播的原因、适应性特征以及抗击疫情中人类种群之间的合作与互助关系。通过考察认为,跨越非人类种群的生态交叠区域的产生、环境因素和特有的文化习惯可能是促使疫情爆发的重要推手。疫情的扩散具有年龄组和职业偏向,以及密集型聚落形态传播等特征;疫情发生之后,人类群体的适应体现在行为、生理、遗传与统计学三个适应层次;不同群体在抗击疫情中体现出鲜明的民族文化差异,人类群体之间的合作与互助弥足珍贵,这亦是我们创建人类命运共同体的必然要求。

From the perspective of ecological anthropology,this paper examines the causes and adaptive characteristics of the spread of epidemic diseases, and the cooperation and mutual assistance among human population in the fight against the pandemic.The major contributors to the pandemic outbreak may be the production of ecologically overlapping areas across non-human populations,environmental factors and specific cultural practices.The spread of the pandemic have age group and occupation bias,as well as the intensive settlement pattern spread character.After the outbreak of the pandemic, the adaptation of human is embodied in three levels: behavioral, physiological, genetic and statistical.different groups have shown distinct national cultural differences in fighting against the epidemic, cooperation and mutual assistance among human groups becomes more precious. This is also an inevitable requirement for us to build a community with a shared future for mankind.