新型肿瘤免疫检查点Siglec-15的研究进展

Research progress of the new immune checkpoint Siglec-15

唾液酸结合Ig样凝集素15(SIGLEC-15)是Siglecs受体超家族中的免疫抑制性受体,主要位于细胞膜表面,介导细胞间信号传导。最新研究结果表明Siglec-15除了在免疫细胞中高表达,在部分肿瘤细胞中同样高表达,并针对机体免疫起抑制作用。肿瘤免疫逃逸机制是使肿瘤迅速发展且影响临床治疗效果的主要原因之一,免疫细胞与肿瘤细胞之间可通过免疫检查点相互识别,传递抑制免疫信号,从而逃避免疫系统监视,促进肿瘤的恶性发生发展。随着对Siglec-15的逐步认识,越来越多的实验研究表明该分子有望成为新型肿瘤免疫检查点,为提高癌症免疫治疗效果提供新策略。现就Siglec-15的分子结构与功能、细胞免疫及肿瘤疾病中的研究进展作一综述。

Sialic acid binding Ig like lectin-15(SIGLEC-15)is an immunosuppressive receptor in the Siglecs receptor superfamily.It is mainly located on the surface of cell membranes and mediates intercellular signal transduction.The latest research shows that in addition to being highly expressed in immune cells,Siglec-15 is also highly expressed in some tumor cells and has an inhibitory effect on the body’s immunity.The tumor immune escape mechanism is one of the main reasons for the rapid development of tumors and affects the clinical treatment effect.Immune cells and tumor cells can recognize each other through immune checkpoints and transmit immune signals to suppress the immune system,thereby evading immune system surveillance and promoting tumor malignancy development.With the gradual understanding of Siglec-15,more and more experimental studies support that this molecule is expected to become a new tumor immune checkpoint and provide new strategies for improving the effectiveness of cancer immunotherapy.This article summarizes the research progress of Siglec-15’s molecular structure and function,cellular immunity and tumor diseases.