古代朝鲜半岛《献仙桃》考论

Textual Research on Dedication of Immortal Peach in Ancient Korean Peninsula

宋代队舞东传的《献仙桃》,在高丽朝至朝鲜朝的宫廷得到较为有序的传承,并从宫廷传入民间,表演形态的具体细节则始终处于变化之中。无论是高丽朝还是朝鲜朝,宫廷还是民间,《献仙桃》始终保留着扮演脚色表演故事情境的戏剧特征,故而可称为歌舞戏。但其乐曲结构明显不同于大曲,并非采用大曲的形式表演,亦非大曲摘遍或曲破。《献仙桃》演述西王母的故事,与宋代队舞中的“王母队”有着不可忽视的联系。

The team dance of Song Dynasty, Dedication of Immortal Peach, was introduced to the ancient Korean Peninsula. It was well inherited at the imperial court from Koryo Dynasty to Korea Dynasty, and then spread to the common people. The specific details of its performance form were constantly changing. Whether it was in Koryo Dynasty or in Korea Dynasty, at court or among the people, it always retained the dramatic features of acting out the characters and performing the story, so it could be regarded as a drama of song and dance. However, its musical structure was obviously different from that of Da Qu. It was not performed in the form of Da Qu, nor was it the Zhai Bian or Qu Po from Da Qu. It told the story of the Queen Mother of the West, which was closely related to “Queen Mother Team” of the team dance of Song Dynasty.