聚合物绝缘空间电荷动力学的理论模型与数值仿真研究进展

Progress on Theoretical Models and Numerical Simulation of Space Charge Kinetics in Polymeric Insulation

强电场下聚合物空间电荷动力学过程的物理机制、实验观测及其与电气绝缘特性的关联是高电压绝缘领域的研究热点之一。目前,空间电荷测量技术的信号质量、空间分辨率与测量速度难以满足实际工程需求,而空间电荷动力学数值仿真能提供实验难以获得的数据以及发现规律,判定起主导作用的经典电导模型,有助于揭示绝缘老化机理、指导产品设计、预测服役寿命。该文首先介绍聚合物绝缘空间电荷动力学的基本理论和数学方程的一般形式,梳理2种典型绝缘结构的空间电荷仿真模型,并述评常用数值算法的特点。其次,介绍空间电荷数值仿真在基础电气性能表征、空间电荷包现象模拟以及电树枝老化特性阐释的初步应用。最后,针对空间电荷动力学模型算法的完善、微观材料参数的提取、多尺度仿真路线的提出、大尺寸和多层介质空间电荷的测量问题进行了展望。

The correlation between space charge kinetics,which involve both physical mechanism and experimental observation, as well as electrical insulation characteristics in polymers under a strong electric field is a research focus in the field of high voltage insulation. The signal quality, spatial resolution, and measurement speed of the existing space charge measurement technologies cannot meet the actual engineering requirements;while the numerical simulation of space charge kinetics can provide abundant data and discover universal properties, which are unavailable from measurement, making it promising to determine the dominant classical electrical conduction model, assist unveiling the insulation aging mechanism, direct the product design, and predict the service time. This review firstly introduced the basic theory of space charge kinetics in polymeric insulation and the general form of mathematical equations, summarized the simulation models of space charge for two typical insulation structures, and discussed the features of common numerical algorithms. Then, preliminary applications of the numerical simulation of space charge were presented, including fundamental electrical properties, space charge packet phenomenon, and electrical tree aging. Finally,future researches on the numerical simulation of space charge kinetics were prospected, including refining the models and algorithms, extracting microscopic material parameters,proposing the route of multi-scale simulation, and measuring the space charge in large-size and multi-layer insulation.