1980~2018朝鲜半岛西海岸滨海湿地演化分析

Evolution of Coastal Wetlands in the Western Korean Peninsula from 1980 to 2018

环黄海湿地是东亚—澳大利西亚水鸟迁徙廊道的重要组成部分,在全球生物多样性保护方面具有不可替代的作用。研究利用Landsat系列遥感影像,集成面向对象和决策树分类方法对遥感影像进行解译,得到1980~2018年5个时期朝鲜半岛西海岸湿地分布数据集,对朝鲜半岛西海岸滨海湿地变化特征进行解析,并对比分析朝鲜和韩国不同体制和发展水平差异下的湿地演变驱动因素,以期为环黄海滨海湿地生态系统管理和可持续发展提供科学参考。研究结果表明:朝鲜半岛西海岸主要湿地类型为自然湿地,占研究区总面积的41.1%,以滩涂为主;近40 a间朝鲜半岛西海岸自然湿地面积呈减少趋势,损失1094.4 km^(2);人工湿地面积呈快速增加趋势,相对增加45.1%;受国家体制、政治、人口和经济等影响差异,朝鲜自然湿地多转化为耕地,而韩国自然湿地多转化为人工表面;人类活动对湿地的直接占用是该地区湿地损失最主要的因素,需加强管控和科学利用海岸带资源。

As an important part of the East Asia–Australia Flyway(EAAF),wetlands along the Yellow Sea play important roles in global biodiversity conservation.Here we examined the wetland landscape dynamics and their driving forces in the western Korean Peninsula by Landsat series images for supporting the coastal ecosystem conservation and management and regional sustainable development.Using a method combining object-oriented and decision-tree classification to obtain the multi-temporal wetland datasets from 1980 to 2018 the wetland landscape pattern,the difference in wetland changes and driving forces were compared between North Korea and South Korea.The results revealed that natural wetlands dominate the coastal wetland landscapes in the western Korean Peninsula with 41.1%of the total area of study area.Tidal flat is the main natural wetland type.During the recent four decades,the natural wetland in the western Korean Peninsula experienced a consistent areal decline with the total wetland loss of 1094.4 km^(2),while the human-made wetland got a rapid increase in area with a percentage of 45.1%.Due to the differences in national system,politics,population,and economy,most of the natural wetlands in North Korea were converted into cultivated land,while the natural wetlands in South Korea were mainly converted into artificial surface.Human activities are the driving forces of wetland changes in this zone and thus require the improvement in controlling anthropogenic threats and sustainable usage of coastal resources.