人工摇梢对笋用毛竹林叶片特征及春笋产量的影响

Effects of manually tip-shaking to bamboo shoots in Phyllostachys edulis on bamboo leaves and bamboo yield

以湖南省桃江县不同经营模式的笋用毛竹林为试验材料,研究人工摇梢对毛竹叶片特征及春笋产量的影响。结果表明:人工摇梢能显著增加竹株最大枝盘叶质量。人工摇梢后第2年,摇梢竹株叶片的叶宽和叶长比未摇梢竹株的均显著增大;随着换叶次数的增加,摇梢竹株叶片的叶宽和叶长均与未摇梢竹株的逐渐趋近。花年经营模式的笋用毛竹林实施人工摇梢后,随着摇梢次数的增加,春笋产量逐步提高,采挖期延长,采挖批次增加。大、小年经营模式的笋用毛竹林实施摇梢后,在大年时春笋增产率较小,增产量较大;小年时春笋的增产率较大,增产量较小;大年时能延长采挖期,增加挖笋批次,并随摇梢时间的延长作用更加明显;小年时摇梢对采挖期和挖笋批次无影响。摇梢有利于增加连续4年春笋的总产量,其中花年经营模式摇梢林分连续4年春笋的总产量高于大、小年经营模式摇梢林分的。可见,在笋用毛竹林生产中,选用花年经营模式可以有效提高春笋产量。

Taking different management models of Phyllostachys edulis forest for bamboo shoots in Taojiang County of Hunan Province as the object of study,the investigation and analysis have been conducted on bamboo shoots-purposed P.edulis leaves and the unit yield of bamboo shoots in spring.The results indicate that manual tip-shaking can significantly improve the quality of maximal branchlets disk in P.edulis.In the second year after manual tip-shaking,the width and length of leaf in manual tip-shaking bamboo plants were significantly larger than those of none manual tip-shaking bamboo plants.With the number of leaf changes increasing,the leaf width and leaf length of manual tip-shaking bamboo plants were successively close to those of none manual tip-shaking bamboo plants.After P.edulis forest used for bamboo shoots under the constant management have been tip-shaken,with the number of tip-shaking times increasing,the yield of bamboo shoots in next spring was gradually improved with digging-out period prolonging and digging-out batches increasing.After P.edulis forest used for bamboo shoots under on-year and off-year have been tip-shaken,the rate of growth of bamboo shoots in spring in on-year was relatively lower,and the increment of bamboo shoots production is higher,while the situation in off-year is opposite.In on-year,the digging-out period can be extended with digging-out batches increased,which are becoming more obvious with lengthening effect of shaking time.In off-year,tip-shaking had no effect on bamboo shoots digging-out purpose and digging-out period.Tip-shaking facilitates to increase the total yield of bamboo shoots in spring in the following four years,among which the total yield of tip-shaking forest stand under constant management were higher than that of tip-shaking forest stand for consecutive 4 years.Therefore,in the production of P.edulis used for bamboo shoots,constant management can effectively improve the yield of bamboo shoots in spring.