真实与幻境:镜像理论视域下的清初淑媛倪仁吉构园研究

Reality and Fantasy: Research on Lady Ni Renji’s Garden Design in Early Qing Dynasty Based on Mirror Image Theory

作为园史研究的新热点,现有探讨侧重解析或真实或虚构的园林女性空间,未能揭示两者异同。清初女性倪仁吉设计的实存香草园与假想宫庭园让对照真幻女性在场园林成为可能。基于镜像理论比较两园园居空间、植景技法、造园观,发现香草园活动空间安排自由,宫庭园活动空间较遮蔽;香草园承袭士人植景技法并创新于配色,宫庭园兼容士商皆推崇的植景技法;香草园基于女性视角营造,宫庭园以男性视角建构。镜像映照出女性视角下的园林观,将其嵌入清初社会后折射出男性视角下的营造观,终以双重性别意识形态呈现出被清初程式化建构掩盖的多元女性景观设计。

As a new focus of researches of garden history research,the existing researches place more emphasis on the analysis of the real or fictional feminine spaces,which fail to reveal the similarities and differences between them.The Xiangcao Garden and the imaginary Palace Garden designed by Ni Renji of the early Qing Dynasty made it possible to compare the real and fictional female spaces in gardens.Based on the mirror image theory,this research discusses the similarities and differences between the real garden and the fantasy garden in terms of the functions of gardens,landscape planting techniques,and garden design concepts.It is found that,the activity space for women in Xiangcao Garden is arranged with less constraint,while that in the Palace Garden is arranged in a more sheltered way.The Xiangcao Garden inherited the traditional landscaping method and incorporated an innovative design in the color matching of the plants.The Palace Garden was compatible with the landscaping techniques recommended by both literati and merchants.The Xiangcao Garden was built from the female perspective,while the Palace Garden was built from the male perspective.The mirror image reflected her design concept from the female perspective and,having embedded it into the early Qing Dynasty society,revealed the concept from the universal male perspective,and finally presented a multiple landscape for female with a dual gender ideology.It disclosed rich feminine landscape designs covered up in the stylized construction in the early Qing Dynasty.