以色列依靠科技创新走出缺水困境的经验

Relying on science and technological innovation: Israel’s experience of overcoming water shortage

以色列地处中东,降雨稀少且分布不均,天然淡水资源短缺。为解决这一困境,以色列自1948年建国后就一直致力于发展水资源高效利用技术,在水资源生产、运输、回收等领域研发出诸多领先全球的新技术。经过多年努力,该国从一个缺水的国家成为高效用水的农业大国,甚至被誉为“欧洲国家的菜篮子”。文章首先介绍了以色列的地理气候情况和水资源类型,然后介绍了水资源利用结构,最后列举了以色列在解决水资源危机时发展的6项创新技术。文章可为我国水资源高效利用与管理提供借鉴,同时也可为今后我国与以色列开展水资源方面的相关合作及学术研究提供基础资料。

Israel is located in the Middle East.Due to it’s geographical position and low-amount and uneven-distributed precipitation,Israel is short of natural fresh water resources.National government has developed innovative technologies in producing,transporting and recycling water resources to solve its water shortage crisis.After several-year efforts,Israel has changed from a country with water scarcity to an agricultural country with highly-effective use of water resources.Israel is even called as the‘Vegetable Basket for European countries’.This paper firstly introduces Israel’s geography and climate condition,as well as it’s water type,then introduces the utilization structure of water resources,and finally introduces six scientific and technological innovations used to prevent water crisis.This paper aims to share experience of effective use and management of water resources and to provide references for international cooperation and academic study.