日本文化中对“侘”理念的认同及演变

The Recognition and Evolution of the Concept of“Cha”in Japanese Culture

汉字既是中日两国文化交流的主要载体,也是中日两国间建构文化认同的重要工具。在汉语中,“侘傺”作为一个复合词使用,初见于《楚辞》,本意为“怅然住立”。“侘傺”传到日本后,在古文书中保留了汉语本意及复合词形态,但在《万叶集》《古今和歌集》等文献中却被拆分缩减为一个“侘”字来使用,并逐渐被赋予了积极含义。自16世纪以来至今,“侘”一直作为最具代表性的日本美意识、人生价值观、尤其是作为日本茶道精神理念而广为人知。

Chinese characters are not only the main carrier of cultural exchanges between China and Japan,but also an important tool for the construction of cultural identity between China and Japan.In Chinese,“cha chi”is used as a compound word,which was first seen in Chu Ci and originally meant“live and stand with regret”.After“cha chi”was introduced to Japan,it retained the original meaning of Chinese and the form of compound words in ancient books,but it was split and reduced to a word“cha”in documents such as Manyoshu and Kokin Wakashu,and gradually given a positive meaning.Since the 16th century,“cha”has been widely known as the most representative Japanese beauty consciousness,life values,especially as the spiritual concept of Japanese tea ceremony.