西洋的“自我”与儒家的“道义”——夏目漱石小说中的个人主义思想

The Western“Ego”and the Confucian“Morality”:On the Ideology of Individualism in Natsume Soseki's Novels

夏目漱石是生于明治前一年,与明治社会一同成长的高级知识分子,彼时日本被西方以武力敲开国门,明治维新后全面学习西方,进行文明开化,深受汉学与西学双重影响的漱石对眼前的社会巨变有着深刻的体会和认识。他在赴英留学期间形成了影响他一生的个人主义思想,文章以其文论《我的个人主义》以及夏目漱石成为职业作家之后创作的一系列中长篇小说为对象,从西洋的“自我”与儒家的“道义”之视角剖析和阐释了漱石的个人主义思想在东西方双重文化的影响之下所呈现出来的特点,探讨了漱石用“道义”的思想对其小说中的个人主义话语进行的本土化重构。

Souseki Natsume was born in the year before the Meiji period and grew up to be a senior intellectual as the Meiji society developed.At that time,Japan was opened by the West by force,and after the Meiji Restoration,Japan studied the West comprehensively and undertook civilizational liberalization.Deeply influenced by both Chinese learning and Western studies,Souseki experienced and understood the social upheaval profoundly.During his study in England,Souseki developed the individualistic ideas that influenced him throughout his life.This article is based on his essay“My Individualism”and a series of medium-length novels written by Natsume Souseki after he became a professional writer,from the perspective of the Western“ego”and the Confucian“morality”.It analyzes and explains the characteristics of Souseki's individualistic thought under the influence of both Eastern and Western cultures,and discusses Souseki's localized reconstruction of the individualistic discourse in his novels with the idea of“moral righteousness”.