2020年哈尔滨市某高中一起水痘暴发疫情流行病学特征分析

Analysis of the epidemiological features of the outbreak of varicella in a high school in Harbin City in 2020

目的分析2020年哈尔滨市某高中一起水痘暴发疫情的流行病学特征,总结新冠肺炎疫情期间可住宿集体单位水痘暴发疫情的特点及防控经验,为完善可住宿集体单位水痘疫情防控方案提供依据。方法采用现场调查等描述流行病学方法,对2020年哈尔滨市某高中水痘暴发疫情流行病学特征进行分析。结果哈尔滨市某高中共有29个班级,学生1236人。在19例水痘病例中,男生9例,女生10例,罹患率分别为1.15%和2.18%。首发病例发病时间为10月1日,终末病例发病时间为10月26日,疫情持续26天。除1例无水痘疫苗免疫史外,余者免疫史不详。结论在2020年严防新冠肺炎疫情期间,该校比较重视日常呼吸道传染病防控工作,教师和学生的防护意识较强。水痘疫情发生后,及时采取了学校紧急停课、疾病预防控制中心快速协调水痘疫苗调拨、区政府紧急采购疫苗并免费投入使用等措施。较高的防护意识和防控措施的快速联动,是这次水痘暴发疫情控制在一个较小范围且病例数较少的主要原因,为今后防止水痘等呼吸道传染病扩大、蔓延提供了经验。

Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of varicella outbreak in a high school in Harbin City in 2020,and to summarize the characteristics of the varicella outbreak in residential quarters during the period of COVID-19 epidemic,so as to provide basis for improving the prevention and control scheme of varicella epidemic in residential quarters.Methods Descriptive epidemiological methods,such as field investigation,were used to analyze the of varicella in a high school in Harbin City in 2020.Results There were 29 classes and 1236 students in the high school.Among the 19 cases,there were 9 boys and 10 girls.The morbidity rates were 1.15%and 2.18%respectively.The onset time of the first case was October 1,and the onset time of the final case was October 26,lasting for 26 days.Among the 19 cases,except one who had no history of varicella vaccination,the others were unknown.Conclusion When COVID-19 epidemic was strictly prevented in 2020,schools attached importance to prevention and control of respiratory infectious diseases,and the protection consciousness of teachers and students was also strong.After the occurrence of varicella epidemic,the school took measures,such as emergency suspension of classes,rapid coordination of varicella vaccine allocation by center for disease control and prevention,emergency procurement of vaccines by the district government and putting them into use free of charge.High awareness of protection and rapid linkage of prevention and control measures are the main reasons for controlling the varicella outbreak in a small range and a small number of cases,which provides experience for preventing the expansion and spread of respiratory infectious diseases,such as varicella in the future.