横轴流燕麦柔性脱粒分离装置设计与试验

Design and test of horizontal axis flow flexible threshing and separating device for oats

针对我国燕麦机械化脱粒时脱出物含杂率高、夹带损失率大等问题,本研究设计了一种横轴流柔性脱粒分离装置,通过减少茎秆破碎来降低含杂率,并通过柔性脱粒杆齿的振动来减小夹带损失。选取柔性杆齿长A、柔性杆齿直径B、柔性杆齿间距C和滚筒转速D为试验控制因素,以含杂率和损失率为试验指标,进行正交试验,得到了影响该装置脱粒性能指标的因素主次为D、B、A、C。在正交试验基础上,选取对该装置脱粒性能指标影响较强的2个因素进行回归分析,试验结果表明:当滚筒转速为1048 r·min^(-1)、柔性杆齿直径为7.5 mm时,本装置的脱粒性能最佳,此时的含杂率为29.41%、损失率为1.31%。对上述优化组合进行试验验证,结果为含杂率的平均值为29.50%、损失率的平均值为1.12%。在相同参数条件下,与脱粒元件全为刚性杆齿的横轴流滚筒进行对比,含杂率和损失率分别降低了2.71%和0.52%,脱粒性能明显提高。该研究可为燕麦脱粒分离装置的创新设计提供参考。

To solve the problems of high impurity content and large entrainment loss rate of oat mechanized threshing in China,we designed a horizontal axial flow flexible threshing separation device to reduce the impurity content by reducing the stalk crushing and reduce the entrainment loss by the vibration of the flexible threshing rod teeth.Flexible rod tooth length A,flexible rod tooth diameter B,flexible rod tooth spacing C and drum speed D were selected as test control factors.The impurity rate and loss rate were used as test indexes to conduct orthogonal tests.The factors affecting the device's threshing performance indexes were mainly D,B,A,C.Based on orthogonal test,two factors with strong influence on the threshing performance index of the device were selected for regression analysis.The test results showed that the device had the best threshing performance when the drum rotational speed was 1048 r·min^(-1) and the diameter of the flexible rod teeth was 7.5mm,and the impurity content rate was 29.41%,and the loss rate was 1.31%.The above-mentioned optimized combination was tested and verified.The average value of impurity rate was 29.50%,and the average value of loss rate was 1.12%.Under the same parameters,the impurity rate and loss rate were reduced by 2.71%and 0.52%,respectively,and the threshing performance was significantly improved when compared with the cross-axial flow drum in which the threshing element was all rigid rod teeth.This study provides a reference for the innovative design of oat threshing and separating devices.