“养病”类词语的认知理解

Cognitive Understanding of Words of “Yǎngbìng(养病)”

汉语中有一类特殊表达,如“养病”“救火”“帮忙”“恢复疲劳”“打扫卫生”等。“养”“病”搭配,从字面上看,似乎是助长病情加重,而实际意义却相反。从心理认知的角度分析,可以发现,人们一般是以内心的期望为标准来理解词语的。正如“养病”在现代汉语中的含义涵盖了消除疾病和养好身体两个方面,却不必说成“养身除病”,而只说“养病”。由于“病”是人们不期望的情况,即便它前面搭配了“养”,所组成的词语含义也并非是助长这类不期望的结果。这些词语的实际含义不是字面含义的简单相加,而是往往与人们的内心期望保持一致。

There are special expressions in Chinese,such as“yǎngbìng(养病)”“jiùhuǒ(救火)”“bāngmáng(帮忙)”“huīfùpíláo(恢复疲劳)”“dǎsǎowèishēng(打扫卫生)”and so on.The combination of“yǎng(养)”and“bìng(病)”literally seems to contribute to the aggravation of the disease,but the actual meaning is the opposite.From the perspective of psychological cognition,it can be found that people tend to understand words according to their inner expectations.Just as the meaning of“yǎngbìng(养病)”in modern Chinese covers the two aspects of eliminating diseases and maintaining good health,it does not have to be said to“yǎngshēnchúbìng(养身除病)”,but only“yǎngbìng(养病)”.Since“bìng(病)”is an undesirable situation,even if it is preceded by“yǎng(养)”,the meaning of the word is not to contribute to such undesirable results.The actual meaning of these words is not a simple addition of literal meaning,but often consistent with people’s inner expectations.