英源外来词词语形式的选择倾向性研究

Study on Word Form Preferences of Transliteration and Letter Words from English

以《现代汉语词典》和近十年媒体流行语、汉语新词语为基本语料,从中筛选出部分英源纯音译词和英源纯字母词,建立称名集合。对称名集合内各词语形式在语料库中的使用情况进行共时和历时考察,可以发现,在指称同一事物时,相比于意译词/固有词形式,汉语使用者更倾向于选择音译词和字母词形式。字母词形式的使用呈现出“单驼峰式”发展曲线,在2000年前后达到顶峰。从内部构词的角度来看,语言的经济性、语音的契合性、语义的明晰性、文字的简洁性,均对词语形式的选择产生了重要影响。从外部应用的角度来看,词语的借入途径和使用者的心理因素,也对词语形式的选择产生了一定影响。

Transliteration words and letter words are selected from authoritative Chinese dictionaries,popular phrases from media and Chinese new words.Noun sets are collected based on these words.This paper examines the usage of transliteration words,letter words and Chinese words in different noun sets,and finds that among the different forms of words,transliterated words and alphabetic words are more competitive.The use of alphabetic words peaked around the year of 2000.Linguistic economy,phonetic compatibility,semantic clarity and simplicity of words affect the choice of word forms from internal perspective while ways of borrowing words and psychological factors of users influence that from external perspective.