论“价值创造”与“价值赋予”——基于制度价值论的解释

Value Creation and Value Giving——An Explanation based on Institutional Value Theory

在经济思想史中,价值始终是一个核心概念,其在经济学中的分析可主要归为两类:其一为涉及“价值创造”主体问题的劳动价值论,其二为解释“价值赋予”主体的制度价值论。对“价值创造”问题的探讨始于配第,集中于古典时期,直到马克思用科学的劳动价值论系统而全面地考察了价值这一概念所包含的唯物范畴——价值与劳动范畴挂钩,以及制度范畴——剥削的资本主义生产关系,揭示了劳动价值论的真正意义。但就“价值赋予”来看,这实则是贯穿于经济思想和经济分析的一条主线,严格来说“价值赋予”的主体属于一种广义上的“制度规定”。因此,“价值创造”的主体是劳动,而“价值赋予”的主体则是制度,且内在地包含了历史性。

In the history of economic thought,value has always been a core concept.Its analysis in economics can be mainly classified into two categories:one is the theory of labor value that involves the subject of"value creation",and the other is the institutional value theory that explains the subject of"value giving".The discussion on the issue of"value creation"began with Petty,concentrated in the classical period,until Marx used the scientific labor theory of value to systematically and comprehensively examine the material category contained in the concept of value—the link between value and the category of labor,as well as the institutional category—the capitalist production relationship of exploitation,revealing the true meaning of the labor theory of value.But from the point of view of"value giving",this is actually a main thread that runs through economic thought and economic analysis.Strictly speaking,the subject of"value giving"belongs to a kind of"institutional regulation"in a broad sense.Therefore,the subject of"value creation"is labor,while the subject of"value giving"is the institution,which inherently contains historicality.