区块链赋能政府治理的实现机理及其法律规制

Realization Mechanism and Legal Regulation of Blockchain Empowering Government Governance

区块链能够从三方面赋能政府治理:一是运用分布式治理推动实现政府治理过程中的多中心参与,优化权力配置;二是区块链技术能够解决科层制治理体系中的信息不对称问题,再造政府科层之间的良性互动关系,打造基于客观数据而非主观随性的信任关系,降低信息传输成本;三是部署智能合约的区块链政务系统能够实现多主体实时监督,建立“不能腐”的事前防范机制,减少不作为。区块链赋能政府治理进程中伴随着结构转型和功能升级,需要建立完备的法律规制方案来保障实施和防范风险。首先,应建立完善的政务区块链管理规范,包括数据上链规范、私钥管理规范、节点监管规范等。其次,明确区块链赋能政府治理的法律边界,防范将去中心化等技术特征发展为冲击政府权威的教条,同时防止资本增值逻辑主导区块链治理规则的建构,将提升治理效能与保障公共利益作为区块链赋能的基本法律原则。最后,应当将民主集中制嵌入到区块链法律治理体系之中,引导区块链技术和产业发展。

Blockchain can empower government governance from three aspects:First,it uses distributed governance to promote multi-center participation in the process of government governance and optimize power allocation;Second,blockchain technology can solve the problem of information asymmetry in the bureaucratic governance system,recreate the benign interaction between government bureaucracies,create a trust relationship based on objective data rather than subjective randomness,and reduce the cost of information transmission;Third,the blockchain government system deploying smart contracts can realize multi-agent realtime supervision,establish a"non-corruptible"preventive mechanism,and reduce inaction.With the structural transformation and functional upgrading in the process of blockchain empowerment government governance,it is necessary to establish a complete legal regulation scheme to ensure the implementation and prevent risks.First of all,we should establish perfect blockchain management norms for government affairs,including data uploading norms,private key management norms,node supervision norms,etc.Secondly,clarify the legal boundary of blockchain enabling government governance,prevent technical features such as decentralization from developing into dogmas that impact government authority,and prevent capital appreciation logic from dominating the construction of blockchain governance rules,and take improving governance efficiency and safeguarding public interests as the basic legal principles of blockchain enabling.Finally,democratic centralism should be embedded in the blockchain legal governance system to guide the development of blockchain technology and industry.