唯物史观视阈下的文明图景及其实践逻辑

The Civilization Picture of Historical Materialism and Its Practical Logic

立足于唯物史观,马克思恩格斯将人类文明与人的解放统一起来,不仅对人类文明的历史内涵进行了辩证剖析,而且对人类社会的文明理想展开了哲学憧憬。在此基础上,马克思恩格斯将资产阶级文明的本质“诊断”为资本文明,它不仅带来了原子式个人之间的过度竞争,造成了物质文明的无限扩张及对其他文明类型的消解,而且在本质上预示着资产阶级文明自我否定式的历史命运。与资产阶级文明立足于市民社会不同,共产主义文明立足于“人类社会或社会的人类”,不仅以人类文明的共生逻辑超越资本文明的霸权逻辑,而且将满足人民美好生活需要作为文明发展的根本任务,从而实现了人类文明的实践自觉。

Marx and Engels intrinsically linked human civilization with human liberation.They not only made a dialectical analysis of the development path of civilization,but also launched a philosophical vision for the civilization ideal of human society.On this basis,Marx and Engels diagnosed the essence of bourgeois civilization as Capital civilization.This form of civilization not only brings about excessive competition among atomic individuals,but also leads to the unlimited expansion of material civilization and its digestion of other types of civilization.According to Marx and Engels,different from the bourgeois civilization based on civil society,the Communist civilization is based on“human society or human society”,and takes the liberation of social productive force and the people's needs for a better life as the fundamental task,which not only realized the metaphysical consciousness of human civilization.