西南地区宣讲小说及其劝善唱叙的文体、知识及信仰

Study on the Style,Knowledge and Belief of the Southwestern Propaganda Novels and Its Advocacy and Singing Narration

晚清民国西南地区存在着大量以说为主、说唱结合的宣讲小说。这类小说具有强烈的“宣讲”意识,小说集与故事的命名、序文中大量的“宣讲”条规、文本之前的圣谕及神谕罗列、围绕圣谕的宣讲内容、大量劝善诗文的融入、说唱结合的表达方式、以案为证的讲述模式等,都导致它与其他通俗说唱小说文体的不同。这种独特的文体建构起迥然有别于其他传统小说的知识系统,涉及圣谕、宗教、伦理、故事等。宣讲者通过劝善诗文与故事,巧妙地融社会关系知识体系于其中。小说在传达皇帝及神灵的谕旨、执行国家教化任务的同时,赋予宣讲行为神圣性,甚至上升为一种信仰,促使宣讲者虔诚地“讲唱”、民众虔诚地“听闻”与传播,从而达到劝善之目的。

There were a large number of preaching novels that mainly focused on speaking and combined rap and singing in the southwest of the late Qing Dynasty and the Republic of China.This type of narration novels has strong sense of“preaching”.The naming of novels and stories,many“propaganda”regulations in the preface,the list of oracles before the story,the content of the preaching around the oracles,the integration of a lot of persuasive poems and prose,combination of rap and singing,and the mode of telling stories as evidence,etc.,all make it different from other popular rap novels.This unique style constructs a knowledge system that is completely different from other traditional novels,involving oracles,religion,ethics,stories,etc.Through persuasive poems,prose and stories,the preacher subtly integrates the knowledge system of social relations into novels.While conveying the edict of the emperor and the gods and carrying out the task of national enlightenment,the novel entrusts the act of preaching with sacredness and even rises to a kind of faith,promoting the preachers to“preach”reverently and the people to“hear”and spread reverently,so as to achieve the purpose of persuading goodness.