20世纪上半叶教育学科在中国图书分类法中的变迁

The Changes of Education Discipline in Library Classification in the First Half of the 20th Century

考究教育学科在各时期图书分类体系中的变迁,可以从类别知识的角度折射教育学科的中国问题。西学东渐之际,以《西学书目表》为代表的书目将新学分为“学”“政”两部。“教育”一词流行后,取代了“学制”“学校”成为图书分类法中“政”的一个类目。随着新式图书馆的建立,作为西学的教育学科通过图书分类在调整期的中国知识系统中扎根。20世纪20年代,“杜威十进分类法”中的“370教育”类目成为中国教育学科图书分类的主要依据。然以此为摹本的教育学科的图书分类细目与中国传统格格不入。这种图书分类法塑造了教育学科知识偏向制度、实践的西学形象;分类法中“教育”与“教育学”概念混用则反映了教育学科性质未定、内容庞杂的现实。

To study the changes of the books classification system of the Education Discipline in different periods can reflect the Chinese problems of the Education Discipline from the perspective of the category knowledge.When the Western academic spread to the east,the new academic was divided into two parts:“learning”and“politics”.After the word“education”became popular,it replaced“school system”and“school”as a category of“politics”in the new library lists and library classification.With the establishment of the new libraries,the education discipline as a pure“western academic”,took root in the Chinese knowledge system during the adjustment period through Bibliography and book classification.Since the 1920s,the detailed category of“370 education”in Dewey Decimal Classification and Relative Index had became the main basis for the classification of educational subject books in China.But these classifications of Education Discipline in China were incompatible with the Chinese tradition.These classifications of books shaped the image of knowledge bias towards system and practice in education.On the other hand,the mixed use of the concepts of“Education”and“Educational Sciences”in the classifications reflected the reality that the nature of education subject is uncertain and the content was complicated.