运城市盐湖区景观格局演变及其驱动因素研究

Study on landscape pattern evolution and its driving factors of Yuncheng city Yanhu district

基于2008年、2013年、2018年3期Landsat遥感影像数据,运用景观格局指数法与主成分分析法对运城市盐湖区景观格局演变特征及其驱动力进行分析。结果表明,2008—2018年运城市盐湖区景观格局发生明显变化,建设用地、林地面积占研究区总面积的比例分别增加6.40、2.90个百分点,耕地减少6092.01 hm^(2)、草地减少4785.21 hm^(2),其中耕地主要流向建设用地与林地,草地主要流向林地与耕地;耕地斑块密度(PD)增加54.24%,最大斑块指数(LPI)由24.43降低至14.31,周长面积分维数(PAFRAC)由1.32增加至1.35,耕地分布趋于分散,破碎化度和异质性增强,优势度下降;城镇用地趋于集中,破碎度降低,优势度上升,异质性降低;研究区内蔓延度指数(CONTAG)降低7.25%,香农多样性指数(SHDI)增加12.76%,周长面积分维数(PAFRAC)略有升高,整体景观多样性提高,破碎化程度变高,景观结构趋于复杂,有向均质化方向发展的趋势。经济发展、人口增长、农业结构调整与地区政策是影响运城市盐湖区景观格局演变的主要驱动因素。

Based on the Landsat remote sensing image data in 2008,2013 and 2018,the landscape pattern index method and principal component analysis method were used to analyze the landscape pattern evolution and its driving forces in Yuncheng city Yanhu district.The results showed that the landscape pattern changed significantly from 2008 to 2018.Construction land and forest land increased by 6.40,2.90 percentage points,respectively,cultivated land decreased by 6092.01 hm^(2) and grassland decreased by 4785.21 hm^(2).Among them,cultivated land was mainly transformed into construction land and forest land,and grassland was mainly transformed into forest land and cultivated land.Cultivated land PD increased 54.24%,LPI decreased from 24.43 to 14.31,PAFRAC increased from 1.32 to 1.35,the result indicated that the distribution of cultivated land tended to be scattered,the degree of fragmenta⁃tion and the heterogeneity increased,and the degree of dominance decreased.Construction land tended to be concentrated,the fragmentation degree and the heterogeneity decreased,the dominance degree increased.In the whole study region,CONTAG decreased by 7.25%,and SHDI increased by 12.76%,PAFRAC slightly increased,the overall landscape diversity increased,the degree of frag⁃mentation had become higher,and the landscape structure had become more complex and trended towards homogenization.Economic development,population growth,agricultural structure adjustment and regional policy were the main driving factors affecting the evolution of landscape pattern in Yuncheng city Yanhu district.