20世纪后半叶苏格兰独立运动的演变、背景和影响

On Evolution and Background as Well as Influence of the Scottish Independence Movement in the Second Half of the 20th Century

20世纪70年代后,经济萧条激化了苏格兰民众的不满情绪,弱化了苏格兰对英国的国家认同。这一变化不仅为苏格兰民族党的发展壮大提供了契机,强化了苏格兰民族党党内的独立意向,也最终导致了1979年与1997年两次苏格兰自治公投。对英国政府而言,1997年苏格兰自治公投的成功推动了英国权力下放进程,加大了英国中央干预地方的难度。苏格兰民族党在推动自治公投过程中逐渐改变了弱小政党的形象,取得了一定的政治话语权,也使英国传统治理模式受到冲击。而对苏格兰而言,自治公投的通过不仅为自身谋得了较大自治权,还增加了其以和平、合法途径实现独立的可能性,使独立运动拥有了更大的政治空间,但也加深了英国的内部危机。

Since the 1970s,the economic depression had intensified the dissatisfaction of the Scottish people and weakened Scotland′s national identity with Britain.This change not only provided an opportunity for the development and growth of the Scottish National Party and deepened the independence intention of the Scottish National Party,but also finally led to the emergence of two Scottish autonomy referendums in 1979 and 1997.For the British government,the success of the referendum in 1997 promoted the process of British decentralization and it has became more difficult for the British central government to intervene in local areas.In the process of promoting the two referendums,the Scottish National Party gradually changed its image of a weak political party and obtained a certain political right of speech,which impacted the traditional governance model of Britain.And for Scotland,the success of the referendum in 1997 not only achieved greater autonomy for Scotland itself,but also increased the possibility of realizing independence in a peaceful and legal way,which gave the independence movement more political space and deepened the internal crisis in Britain.