生存论奠基抑或超越论投射——海德格尔《康德书》之本性及其疏失探辨

Existential Grounding or Transcendental Projection——The Nature and Negligence of Heidegger′s Kant and the Problem of Metaphysics

海德格尔期望通过《康德书》达成为《纯粹理性批判》进行生存论奠基的目标。然而由于海德格尔未曾注意到两种根据即“发生根据”与“可能根据”之间的区别,导致他没有实质性触及第一批判更深层的能力基础,因而其所认为的时间境域性的在世之在并非是那再无根据的根据。对两种根据进行区分,可以揭示第一批判与基础生存论之间的超越论投射关系,亦即由能力开启境域的、类似光源与光的关系。在这层投射关系中,《康德书》同时忽视了知性可以思考物自身的关键能力,从而造成了一个严重的规范疏失。

Heidegger hopes to achieve the goal of grounding Critique of Pure Reason in an existential way in Kant and the Problem of Metaphysics.However,due to his unnoticed difference between two types of grounds,namely"the ground of X′s generating"and"the ground of X′s possibility",he did not actually reach the deepest basis of the first Critique,therefore the temporal-contextual being-in-the-world is not the basis that is no longer groundless.By distinguishing these two grounds,it can be revealed that the relation between the first Critique and the fundamental ontology constitutes a transcendental projection between the ability and the context,a relation analogous to the light source and the light,in which Heidegger also ignores the key ability of the understanding to think the object itself,therefore resulting in a serious negligence of norms.