认识论三问——兼谈新现象学的认识论

Three Questions of Epistemology:On Epistemology of New Phenomenology

认识的对象是什么?如何认识对象?如何证明并确信所获得的认识?这是一般认识论所涉及和涵盖的三个基本问题。对这些问题的回答,西方哲学长期以来观点纷呈,讨论和论辩迄今依然不断并且仍将继续,显示了认识论作为哲学根本问题之一的重要性和复杂性。以笛卡尔、康德为代表的主体性哲学和胡塞尔、海德格尔的经典现象学,特别是施密茨的新现象学,在上述三个问题上既有联系又有区别,对此进行系统的梳理和比较研究,将展示出认识论问题在探讨和论辩中不断发展与深化的状态与进程。

What is the object of cognition?How to recognize objects?How to prove and be convinced of the knowledge obtained?These are the three basic issues involved and covered by general epistemology.The answers to these questions have been diverse in western philosophy for a long time,and the discussions and debates are still continuous and will continue,which indicates the importance and complexity of epistemology as one of the fundamental issues of philosophy.In this paper,the viewpoints of the philosophy of subjectivity represented by Descartes,Kant,and the classical phenomenology of Husserl and Heidegger,especially the new phenomenology of Hermann Schmitz,on the above three issues,as well as their connections and differences are discussed.This systematic review and comparison of the three epistemologies aim to show the state and process of the continuous development and deepening of epistemological issues in the scholarship.