人和事与人理和事理——兼论句型的语言学哲学研究

Person,Event and the Related Theories(“Ren li”and“Shi li”):Also On Philosophy of Linguistics Concerning Sentence Patterns

传统命名的20世纪的“语言转向”和“语言哲学”由逻辑学家弗雷格和罗素开创,其基本特征和首要创新方向是“新逻辑转向”和“新逻辑哲学”。由于现代语言学在20世纪末期迅猛发展成为现代社会科学的带头学科,这就形成了在21世纪需要开创“语言学哲学”的新形势。在研究“人”的哲学时,必须同时研究个体之“人”、团体之“人”和作为人类之“人”及其相互关系问题,为此不但必须研究专名和摹状词,而且必须研究人称词的语言学哲学问题。必须把“事”升华为哲学范畴。在研究“事”的哲学时,不但必须关注动词和副词的语言学哲学问题,而且必须关注句型——首先是与“主—系—表”句型不同的“主—动—宾”句型——的语言学哲学问题。在研究人理和事理时,复数人称词、篇章语言学、华严宗关于“理事无碍”和“事事无碍”的观点都值得引起关注。

The traditionally named“linguistic turn”and“philosophy of language”in the 20th century were initiated by Frege and Russell.Due to the rapid development of modern linguistics as the leading discipline of modern social sciences in the late 20th century,it has formed a new situation in which it is necessary to create a“philosophy of linguistics”in the 21st century.When studying the philosophy of“person”(ren),we must simultaneously study“person”as individuals,“person”as groups,and“person”as human beings and their interrelationships.For this reason,we must not only study proper names and descriptions,but also study linguistic philosophical issues of pronouns.“Event”(shi)must be sublimated into a philosophical category.When studying the philosophy of“event”,we must pay attention to the linguistic and philosophical issues of verbs,adverbs and sentence patterns.