自由主义的三重信纲及其疑难——兼论西方古典政治哲学的相关观点

Three Doctrines of Liberalism and their Difficulties:Also On the Opinions of Western Classic Political Philosophy on such Issues

自由主义世界观是一种以权利为基石,以个人主义和多元主义为实证基础的法学世界观,其中,法学世界观、个人本位论、社会多元论是自由主义思想的三条基本信纲。在法学世界观的视野中,自由主义往往被认为是对个体性的人和多元性的社会的发现和辩护,实际上却是对它们的遮蔽或取缔。由于自由主义将政治哲学问题还原为与权利法则相关的问题,它为现实社会所构建的政治和道德秩序乃是同质性的自由秩序,因而在面临诸如个体与社会、自由与秩序、道德与政治、多与一、权利与正义(或善)等一系列政治哲学问题时,这一哲学并没有给出具有西方古典思想高度的健全的或成熟的解答。

Liberalism is a jurisprudential worldview which based on the cornerstone of right,and on the positive basis of individualism and the pluralism.The jurisprudential worldview,centrism of individuality and diversity of society are the three doctrines of liberalistic thought.In the context of jurisprudential worldview,liberalism has been praised as the discovery and justification of individualistic existence and pluralistic reality of human social life,but in fact it is just the misunderstanding and cancellation of the individuality of human existence and the plurality of social reality.Due to the liberalistic reduction of such political-philosophical problems to the issues related to the doctrine of right,so the political and moral order for realistic society constructed through liberalistic thought is the homogeneous liberal order.As a result,liberalism has no capability to give the right solutions with the height of western classical thought on the problems such as individuality and society,liberty and order,politics and morality,plurality and unity,right and justice,and so on.