继承与再创:弗兰纳里·奥康纳的穷白人写作

Inheritance and Recreation:Flannery O’Connor’s Poor White Writing

美国南方女作家弗兰纳里·奥康纳笔下为数众多的贫穷白人形象,是她继承美国南方文学中的“穷白人”写作传统,并在此基础上进行的人物形象再创作。奥康纳沿袭了前辈南方作家建构的关于穷白人鄙俗滑稽、品德低下、天性堕落的形象特点,并借助营造“乡下人进城”场景、套用神话和民间故事中的原型人物,以及书写失败的慈善救助这三种文学手段,刻画了“乡巴佬”、“捣蛋鬼”和“堕落者”三种类型的穷白人,显示了她对于文学脉络的精准把握和独创性的文思。

The image of poor white in Flannery O’Connor’s works is a re-creation of such characters based on her inheritance of the writing tradition of "poor white" in Southern United States literature.With the help of three literary means:creating the "country-come-to-town" scenes,applying the archetypal characters of myths and folktales,and writing the failed charity aids narration,O’Connor follows the characteristics of the poor whites constructed by the previous southern writers,such as vulgarly comical,low morality,and naturally depraved,and depicts three types of poor white:"bumpkins","tricksters" and "degenerates"".The image depiction well displays her precise grasp of the context of literature and her original literary thoughts.