明代顺德河泊所设置研究

Study on the Setting of Shunde Heposuo in Ming Dynasty

顺德河泊所,是广东在明中期设立的唯一的河泊所,具有非常重要的地位。文章以地方志史料详细考证了顺德河泊所的设置情况:该所成立于景泰三年(1452),一年后将衙署设置于碧鉴路,即现在的清晖路(环山路)与碧鉴路交汇处。在万历九年(1581),顺德河泊所于当时的革除大潮中被裁革,然而,在万历十二年(1584)即被恢复。直至雍正三年(1725),顺德河泊所被革除,其衙署在乾隆元年(1736)被变价售卖,钱资用来增设养济院。顺德河泊所得以存续直至清代雍正三年(1725),一方面是河泊所大使及时更改鱼课征收对象,缓解鱼课征收之难题;另一方面,是由于河泊所署所在地经济高度发达,是全城的商业中心和交通枢纽,提供了税收来源。

Shunde Heposuo is the only Heposuo established in Guangdong in the middle of Ming Dynasty,which has a very important position.Based on the historical documents of local chronicles,this paper verified the setting of Shunde Heposuo in a detailed way.It was established in the third year of Jingtai (1452),and its office was set up in Bijian Road one year later,that is the intersection of present Qinghui Road (Huanshan Road) and Bijian Road.In the ninth year of Wanli’s reign (1581),Shunde Heposuo was abolished in the tide of elimination at that time.However,it was restored in the twelfth year of Wanli’s reign (1584).In the third year of Yongzheng’s reign (1725),Shunde Heposuo was discarded,and its office was sold in the first year of Qianlong’s reign (1736) and the money was used to build almshouse.The reasons why Shunde Heposuo had lasted until the third year of Yongzheng in Qing Dynasty (1725) lie in two aspects.On the one hand,the ambassador of Heposuo changed in time the taxation objects of fishery to ease the problems encountered;On the other hand,Shunde Heposuo located in the commercial center and transportation hub of the city,whose highly developed economy provided a source of tax revenue.