美国“数字霸权”语境下的中美欧“数字博弈”分析

The“Great Digital Game”Among China,the US and the EU in the Context of US Digital Hegemony

依靠先行优势和充沛的人才与技术储备,美国率先在互联网和数字领域建立了行业标准并占领了国际市场的巨大份额,由此形成了全球范围的“数字霸权”和数字领域“一超多强”的世界格局。但是,以数字技术为载体的中国数字经济实力不断跃升以及欧盟“数字主权”意识的逐步觉醒,都对美国的“数字霸权”构成直接挑战。对中国,美国结合国内法与长臂管辖权竭力阻止中国数字企业在美乃至全球的市场拓展;对欧盟,美国采取打拉结合的复合战略,一方面通过加强与欧盟的经贸科技合作来压制中国,另一方面则不断分化内部成员国以阻挠欧盟实现正当的数字权益。随着中美欧“数字博弈”影响面的不断扩大,三方在数字领域的竞争与合作正在影响全球的数字经济格局,并在新冠肺炎疫情进入新常态下往深度化、复杂化方向发展。中国需要守住本国在数字领域的技术后发优势、人口和市场规模优势,在常态化竞争中寻找合作空间,并通过积极争取与欧盟开展更为广泛的数字合作、认清与美国数字竞争的长期化态势以及努力开拓其他发展中国家的数字市场等方式为中国数字经济寻找更广阔的国际发展空间。

Relying on its first-mover advantages,vast pool of talent and technological edge,the United States has taken the lead in establishing industrial standards for the internet and the digital economy,which have gained acceptance in much of the international market.This has led to US“digital hegemony”.However,this hegemony is being challenged with the continuous rise of China’s digital economy and the EU’s gradual awakening to its“digital sovereignty”.In response,the US tries to prevent the expansion of Chinese digital companies in the US and beyond by using both domestic law and long-arm jurisdictions.It adopts a hybrid approach of both co-optation and suppression with regard to the EU.On one hand,it strengthens economic and technological cooperation with the EU to keep China down;on the other hand,it prevents the EU states from realizing their legitimate digital rights by creating divisions among them.With the intensifying“great digital game”among China,the US and Europe,the competition and cooperation of the three parties in the digital field are having great impact on the global digital economy,which is getting more pronounced and complex with the COVID-19 pandemic.China needs to maintain its late-mover advantage in digital technology and advantages of scale in population and market size,and seek opportunities for cooperation despite the prevailing competition.It needs to secure greater international space for China’s digital economy by seeking greater digital cooperation with the EU,and recognizing the long-term nature of its digital competition with the US,and work to expand market shares in other developing countries.