百年大变局下中国海洋话语权的提升:目标定位、限制因素与策略选择

Promoting China’s Maritime Discourse Power amid the Great Changes:Objectives,Constraints and Strategies

百年未有之大变局态势作用于中国崛起的外部战略环境,塑造着中国海上安全新的形势,同时也更加凸显了中国国家安全中的“海洋因素”。百年大变局背景下中国海洋事业的发展、繁荣与可持续性,不仅需要较强威慑力的海上军事力量,也需要具有较强说服力的话语基于“命运共同体”逻辑讲好中国的“海洋故事”。中国的海洋话语权是国际话语权的重要组成部分,也是影响海上话语安全环境与全球海洋治理角色的重要变量。中国海洋话语权提升的维度涉及管控力、说服力与贡献力,利益层面的目标指向诉求表达与权益维护,价值层面的目标指向平等协作与互信互利,责任层面的目标指向制度补充与秩序完善。与此同时,百年大变局背景下中国海洋话语权的提升面临着来自场域环境、话语对象与海洋话语权本身的限制,中国独特的制度、发展道路与所处阶段也意味着中国从陆权大国成长为海权大国的过程将承受更大舆论压力。在此情况下,中国可多途径破旧立新以改善话语传播场域环境,分地施策采用差异化话语对象互动方式,强化过程以完善海洋话语权提升的系统环节,发挥优势并增强海洋话语传播的策略性。

The great changes unseen in a century have great impact on not only China’s external strategic environment,but also its maritime security,and highlight the salience of the“maritime factor”for China’s national security.In this context,the development,progress and sustainability of China’s maritime cause require not only strong maritime military force for deterrence,but also persuasive discourse power to tell China’s“maritime story”consistent with the logic of“a community with a shared future.”China’s maritime discourse power is both an important component of its international discourse power,and an important factor affecting its maritime discourse security environment and its role in global maritime governance.It involves a number of dimensions including discourse control,persuasiveness,and contribution.The promotion of China’s maritime discourse power mainly concerns three aspects:interests(i.e.,the representation and preservation of its rights),values(i.e.,equal cooperation and mutual trust),and responsibilities(i.e.,institutional complementarity and improvement).At the same time,the promotion of China’s maritime discourse power is facing constraints arising from discourse fields,discourse interlocutors,and the country’s maritime discourse power itself.China’s unique political system,development path and the particular phase of its development also mean that it will face greater pressure from overseas public opinion when it is transforming itself from a great land power into a maritime great power.In response,China can improve the external discourse environment in many ways,such as adopting a differentiated approach toward different interlocutors,a systematic approach to enhancing maritime discourse power,and improving the ways in which its maritime discourse is disseminated.